INTRODUCTION
Dome nests (https://www.lls.nsw.gov.au/regions/murray/articles,-plans-and-publications/nrm-news-november-2020/birds-and-their-nests) are those combining the following characteristics:
The concealment and enclosure of eggs and the incubating adult confer obvious adaptive advantages relative to predation.
Australia and southern Africa have similar climates and substrates, but differ greatly in their regimes of predation.
In general, the former landmass is relatively poor in predators, whereas the latter landmass is rich in predators. More particularly, Australia lacks counterparts for specialised predators at avian nests, such as
AIMS
The main aim of this Post is to make an intercontinental comparison at the scale of avifaunal lists.
I base this approach on those regions with similar mediterranean-type and adjacent arid climates (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_climate and https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-65520-3_8#:~:text=The%20mediterranean%2Dtype%20climate%20of,the%20western%20half%20of%20Victoria. and https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01811789.1984.10826662).
I have excluded migratory birds that breed in the Northern Hemisphere, wintering in the Southern Hemisphere.
RESULTS
The following taxa of birds build dome nests in the relevant regions.
AUSTRALIA
Atrichornithidae:
Atrichornis clamosus https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/7422-Atrichornis-clamosus
Estrildidae:
Stagonopleura all three spp. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stagonopleura)
Acanthizidae:
Acanthiza apicalis https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/72439-Acanthiza-apicalis
Acanthiza chrysorrhoa https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/13469-Acanthiza-chrysorrhoa
Acanthiza inornata https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/13466-Acanthiza-inornata
Acanthiza iredalei https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/13472-Acanthiza-iredalei
Acanthiza lineata https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/13467-Acanthiza-lineata
Acanthiza nana https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/13470-Acanthiza-nana
Acanthiza pusilla https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/13468-Acanthiza-pusilla
Acanthiza reguloides https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/13471-Acanthiza-reguloides
Acanthiza robustirostris https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/13475-Acanthiza-robustirostris
Acanthiza uropygialis https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/13464-Acanthiza-uropygialis
Aphelocephala leucopsis https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/13522-Aphelocephala-leucopsis
Calamanthus campestris https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/979632-Calamanthus-campestris
Calamanthus fuliginosus https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/13527-Calamanthus-fuliginosus
Calamanthus montanellus https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/548191-Calamanthus-montanellus
Gerygone fusca https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/13491-Gerygone-fusca
Gerygone olivacea https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/13490-Gerygone-olivacea
Hylacola cauta https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/72928-Hylacola-cauta
Hylacola pyrrhopygia https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/72929-Hylacola-pyrrhopygia
Pyrrholaemus brunneus https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/13477-Pyrrholaemus-brunneus
Sericornis maculatus https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/1444429-Sericornis-maculatus
Smicrornis brevirostris https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/13540-Smicrornis-brevirostris
Maluridae:
Amytornis textilis https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/509110-Amytornis-textilis
Malurus assimilis https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/827392-Malurus-assimilis
Malurus cyaneus https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/12065-Malurus-cyaneus
Malurus elegans https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/12063-Malurus-elegans
Malurus leucopterus https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/12093-Malurus-leucopterus
Malurus pulcherrimus https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/12072-Malurus-pulcherrimus
Malurus splendens https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/12083-Malurus-splendens
Stipiturus malachurus https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/12133-Stipiturus-malachurus
Stipiturus mallee https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/12072-Malurus-pulcherrimus
Cisticolidae (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisticolidae) :
Cisticola exilis (South Australia only) https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/7657-Cisticola-exilis
Dicaeidae:
Dicaeum hirundinaceum https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/13388-Dicaeum-hirundinaceum
Pomatostomidae:
Pomatostomus superciliosus https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/14491-Pomatostomus-superciliosus
SOUTHERN AFRICA
Ploceidae:
Euplectes capensis https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/13964-Euplectes-capensis
Euplectes orix https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/13962-Euplectes-orix
Ploceus capensis https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/13801-Ploceus-capensis
Ploceus velatus https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/13804-Ploceus-velatus
Quelea quelea https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/14005-Quelea-quelea
Estrildidae:
Coccopygia melanotis https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/979663-Coccopygia-melanotis
Estrilda astrild https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/13770-Estrilda-astrild
Ortygospiza atricollis https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/204557-Ortygospiza-atricollis
Nectariniidae:
Anthobaphes violacea https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/145130-Anthobaphes-violacea
Chalcomitra amethystina https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/145142-Chalcomitra-amethystina
Cinnyris afer https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/145163-Cinnyris-afer
Cinnyris chalybeus https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/145157-Cinnyris-chalybeus
Cinnyris fuscus https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/145189-Cinnyris-fuscus
Nectarinia famosa https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/13300-Nectarinia-famosa
Cisticolidae:
Apalis thoracica https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/7742-Apalis-thoracica
Cisticola fulvicapilla https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/72731-Cisticola-fulvicapilla
Cisticola juncidis https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/7697-Cisticola-juncidis
Cisticola subruficapilla https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/72733-Cisticola-subruficapilla
Cisticola textrix https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/7700-Cisticola-textrix
Cisticola tinniens https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/7660-Cisticola-tinniens
Eremomela icteropygialis https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/204508-Eremomela-icteropygialis
Eremomela gregalis https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/15460-Eremomela-gregalis
Euryptila subcinnamomea https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/7782-Euryptila-subcinnamomea
Malcorus pectoralis https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/7703-Malcorus-pectoralis
Phragmacia substriata https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/73280-Phragmacia-substriata
Prinia maculosa https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/7730-Prinia-maculosa
Macrosphenidae:
Sylvietta rufescens https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/15254-Sylvietta-rufescens
Paridae:
Melaniparus afer https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/144845-Melaniparus-afer
Remizidae:
Anthoscopus minutus https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/13671-Anthoscopus-minutus
DISCUSSION
On both continents, there is a major incidence of birds that build dome nests.
Most of the families differ, indicating that there has been evolutionary convergence in this aspect, in a broad sense.
However, several avifaunal elements are shared, viz.
Meliphagidae does not feature in these lists, despite
I have no simple explanation for the broad equivalence of the two landmasses in the incidence of dome nests.
A next step would be a detailed comparison of the faunas of relevant predators in Australia and southern Africa.
However, the following intercontinental differences are noteworthy:
Among those small birds that have long beaks, adapted for nectarivory and the pollination of tubular flowers, dome nests occur in southern Africa (Nectariniidae) but not Australia.
By contrast, among wren-like birds that skulk in dense herbage/shrubbery, dome nests occur more in Australia (e.g. Maluridae and Atrichornithidae) than in southern Africa, e.g.
Comentarios
https://www.perplexity.ai/search/which-australian-birds-nest-in-Qt4g3pFMRXSt6VY0KlZidg
https://www.flickr.com/photos/ozjulian/2303009447
The following maps show the geographical complementarity (Australia vs southern Africa) between two major families of warbler- and wren-like birds.
Acanthizidae:
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?taxon_id=71292
Macrosphenidae:
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?taxon_id=144307
Locustellidae (which tend not to build dome nests, https://www.perplexity.ai/search/does-any-species-of-locustelli-ni_pqhJDSu6ti7eyZkedQw) occur on both landmasses.
Locustellidae in Australia:
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=6744&subview=map&taxon_id=200984&view=species
Locustellidae in southern Africa:
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=113055&subview=map&taxon_id=200984&view=species
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